Paris n tsertit ɣef uvilu n trisiti : agim n yiseggasen n udabu ɣef yiwen n yizirig

Seg usayrar n Bastille ɣer usarag n Invalides, d izirig seg usammer ɣer umalu anda yal asayrar iwala anagraw ilul-d, wayeḍ yeɣli. Sin neɣ kraḍ isragen n tikli s umwanes deg ugraw amecṭuḥ, ɣef yivila n trisiti Tern, akal amsawi qrib deg webrid meṛṛa. Tuffɣa d tuɣalin deg wemkan anda tzedɣem deg Paris, imi izirig nettaweḍ ɣur-s syenna. Tiqsiḍin ttwaḥkunt seg webrid, seg rrif n wasif, seg usarag neɣ seg usayrar n zdat : ula d yiwen n unekcum ɣer umḍiq ameqqran, ula d yiwet n terza ɣer daxel, ula d ayen ara teččem neɣ ara teswem ur ddin deg ssuma.

Ssutret amkan Isallen ibaɣuren Wali ssumat

Yiwen n yizirig kan, seg usammer ɣer umalu, d agim n yiseggasen n udabu i yettwasersen wa ɣef wa fell-as. Deg webrid-a, lqelɛa n ugellid tuɣal d lḥebs n uwanek syen d asayrar d ilem ; axxam n temdint yeṛɣa akked wazemmem aɣarim n temdint s lekmal-is ; lqaṣer n zzhu ur d-yeǧǧi ala urti. Ulac ayen yettwasfeḍ, kullec yettwaɣumm. Tikli tebɣa ad d-tekkes tiɣummiwin-a yiwet yiwet, asayrar deffir wayeḍ, s yiwen n wawal i d-yettuɣalen : anwa i yeḥekmen dagi, s yisem n wacu, d wacḥal ara yeṭṭef waya.

Tikli teṭṭef azal n kraḍ isragen yerna tbedd deg tmanya n yimḍaq i d-yettwazerken ddaw-a, gar-asen Palais-Royal, yerna tesnerni yal taqsiṭ. Abrid ummid yeqqerb ɣer 18 ikilumitren, isikal seg wemkan anda tzedɣem ɣer-s daɣen ddan ; tazgert tuṣliṭ ad awen-tt-nsentem s tira. Umuɣ n yibeddiyen yezmer ad yettwabeddel ass-nni s timmad-is ɣef ssebba n yixeddimen, n tuffɣat ɣer webrid, n tmeɣriwin neɣ n ttedbirat n tɣellist, imi izirig-a yettusekkeṛ acḥal n tikkal deg useggas.

Taqsiṭ ur tettaṭṭaf ara amur n yiwen n unagraw, n yiwet n twacult tasertant neɣ n yiwen n umennuɣ n wass-a : nettḥekku ayen yeḍran ɣef yiblaḍen-a, s yizemzen, s yismawen d wuṭṭunen, yerna nettini-d melmi yiwen n uɣbalu mazal-it deg umeslay. Ur ilaq ara ad tessnem uqbel amezruy n Fransa. Tikli tettmeslay i wid iḥemmlen amezruy, i yiselmaden, i yinelmaden d yimezdaɣ n Paris i yezeggren isayraren-a yal ass ur ten-ttwalin ara.

Ilaq ad tessnem ad tnehṛem avilu yerna ad tḥessem deg yiman-nwen deg webrid gar tkeṛṛusin n Paris : abrid iteddu deg yizenqan, ɣef yirrifen n wasif d yisayraren yeldin i uḥerrek, gar-asen kra n yimlilan imeqqranen n yiberdan i yezzin am yitri. Deg tuffɣa, ad tesɛum akud i wakken ad tennumem d uvilu akked usegzi n tɣellist, ma d leɛqel yettwaṭṭaf ɣef ugraw.

Ssuma tamatut d 75 iuru i yal amdan, tibzarin akk ddant, deg tikli yebḍan, d 95 iuru i yal amdan, tibzarin akk ddant, deg tikli tuslig, avilu n trisiti d ukask ddan. Asuter-nwen mačči d aṭṭaf n umkan yeṭṭfen : ssuma taneggarut ad awen-tt-nsentem s tira uqbel yal lexlaṣ, akked wazemz, akud i yettwafernen d wemḍiq n temlilit. 5 yemttekkiyen d tilas i yal amwanes ; ma llan ugar n 5 yemttekkiyen, nezmer ad nheggi agraw wis sin deg tegnit-nni, akken ara nili nezmer ; ma yezmer ad yili akked ssuma-s ad awen-ten-nsentem s tira.

Deg ubrid

Paris n tsertit ɣef uvilu n trisiti : agim n yiseggasen n udabu ɣef yiwen n yizirig

Asayrar n Bastille

Nebda seg usayrar i wumi yeɛreq umḍiq-is ameqqran. Seg tmeddit n 14 yulyu 1789, Palloy, bab n uxeddim, yerra afus ɣer lqelɛa yerna yewwi ssuq n uhuddu sin wussan mbeɛd ; azal n 1000 n yixeddamen i tt-id-yekksen deg wayyuren i d-yeḍfren, iẓra ittwaqeṣṣren ṛuḥen ɣer pont de la Concorde, deg tama nniḍen n webrid, ma d Palloy yeṣṣenɛ seg wayen d-yeqqimen 83 n yimedyaten n Bastille i yuzen ɣer tewilayin timaynutin i d-yettwaxelqen. Ass-nni, lḥebs ur yesɛi anagar sebɛa n yimeḥbas : ukkuẓ i yesnulfuyen arraten n lekdeb, sin yergazen i rran ɣer daxel ɣef ssebba n uṭṭan n uqeṛṛu, d yiwen n wergaz n twacult tameqqrant i qqnen s usuter n twacult-is. Ma d tigejdit n nnḥas i yeḥekmen ɣef usayrar, i bnan deg 1840, i ɣef bedden takurt d Génie de la Liberté s wureɣ, ur d-tesmektay ara 1789 maca Trois Glorieuses n yulyu 1830.

Asayrar n Hôtel-de-Ville

Sebɛa n lqerun aya segmi Paris tetteddu s yiman-is syagi, lebni i twalam d win i d-yettwabnan tikkelt nniḍen : wid n Commune sseṛɣen-t ass n 24 mayyu 1871, ṛuḥen yid-s yizemmam n tglizyin i yuɣalen ɣer lqern wis 16 d wakk azemmem aɣarim n Paris uqbel 1860, ihi azal n 8 imelyunen n warraten. Lxedma n usmelsi n warraten i yebdan seg 1872 s warraten n twaculin, s yizemmam n ddin akatulik d warraten n unuṭir terra-d azal n wemur wis kraḍ ; wid yettnadin ɣef laṣel n twaculin mazal-iten ttɛeṭṭilen zdat n lḥiḍ-a. Isem i yesɛa usayrar-a alamma d 1803, place de Grève, yekka-d seg rrif n yijdi d yiẓra imecṭaḥ i d-yeṣubben syagi ɣer Seine ; d ɣef rrif-a i ttrajun yixeddamen war axeddim ad ten-id-awin ɣer lxedma, d syenna i d-yekka wawal afransis grève.

Quai de l'Horloge d yidisan n Notre-Dame

Ɣef rrif n wasif, tasaɛet i d-yumeṛ Charles V i yesbedd Henri de Vic deg 1371 d tasaɛet tamezwarut tazayezt n Paris : d abrid, i tgeldit, akken ad d-terr seg tglizt aktal n wakud. Aṭas n tikkal i tḥebbes i tettwaseggem, taneggarut deg 2011 d 2012, maca mazal tteddu. Deffir n leḥyuḍ-a, Marie-Antoinette tesɛedda 76 n wussan-is ineggura, seg 2 ɣuct ɣer 16 tuber 1793, deg yiwet n texxamt tacekkant. Ma d Robespierre, s yilḥi-s yerẓen, ur t-id-wwin ɣer dagi ala ṣṣbeḥ n 10 thermidor, mbeɛd yiwen n yiḍ i yesɛedda deg yiwet n texxamt n zdat n unabaḍ, yerna yettwanɣa kra n yisragen mbeɛd. Taqsiṭ ad d-tettwaḥku seg rrif n wasif, syen ɣer yidisan n Notre-Dame, anda Napoléon yeṭṭef taɛeṣṣabt seg yifassen n Pap akken ad tt-yesres i yiman-is ass n 2 dujamber 1804 ; imi asayrar n zdat d yidisan-is llan deg ixeddimen n usnifel, amḍiq n tuṣliṭ n ubeddi yettwaḥseb ɣef yiberdan yeldin ass-nni. Ur nkeccem ara ɣer Conciergerie neɣ ɣer lḥebs-is n ddaw tmurt deg tikli yerna ula d yiwen n unekcum ur yeddi deg ssuma.

Idisan n Cour Carrée n Louvre

D lqelɛa n Philippe Auguste deg taggara n lqern wis 12, d axxam n Charles V, d lqaṣer n Renaissance n François Ier : Louvre d tuqqna n yixeddimen, yal yiwen isfeḍ azgen n win i t-id-yezwaren. Ass n 10 ɣuct 1793, aseggas amezwaru segmi teɣli tgeldit, Convention tesbedd dinna Muséum central des arts de la République, i yeldin i medden s telqey ass n 18 wamber. Ass n 23 yennayer 1984, asenkad unṣib n usenfar n Ieoh Ming Pei zdat n Commission des monuments historiques i d-yesskren ayen ideg ara tessemmi tɣamsa amennuɣ n tpiramidt : azekka-nni kan, yiwen weɣmis ameqqran n tmeddit yura ɣef ufuḥanu deg uzwel-is. Tapiramidt teldi ass n 4 meɣres 1988, ma d tazeqqa tamaynut n unekcum teldi i medden ass n 29 meɣres 1989. Abeddi ad yili ɣer yidisan n usarag, avilu deg ufus ma yella tikli s uvilu ur tettusireg ara dinna, yerna ɣef leḥsab n yisragen n tulya n ucbak.

Palais-Royal, kan deg talɣa n kraḍ isragen

Richelieu yebna lqaṣer-a seg 1633. Seg 1781, yiwen n duc d'Orléans iwumi xuṣṣen yidrimen yezzi-yas s yiseqqifen n tḥunat, n tqahwiwin d yixxamen n urar n yidrimen anda tmesṛeft tagelditt ur tesɛi ara azref ad tekcem, imi ur tesɛi ara azref ɣef wayla n yiwen umeqqran n twacult tagelditt : deg wul n Paris, d amḍiq war asewḥel n wawal, war tamesṛeft. D syenna i d-yekker Camille Desmoulins, yuli ɣef ṭṭabla deg yiseqqifen ass n 12 yulyu 1789, yessawel i medden ad ddmen leslaḥ yerna yekkes iferr azegzaw seg yiwet n ttejra n urti akken ad t-yerr d tamatart ; Bastille teɣli sin wussan mbeɛd. Asurif-a yella kan deg talɣa n kraḍ isragen.

Urti n Tuileries d usayrar n Concorde

Urti n Le Nôtre yella d asarag n zdat n yiwen n lqaṣer i yeɛreqen : azal n 260 n lmitrat n udem n lebni gar sin n yifriwen n Louvre, i yeṛɣan ass n 23 mayyu 1871. Tagduda teǧǧa lebni yeṛɣan 12 n yiseggasen deg wemḍiq-is, tefren ahuddu deg 1882, tefka lameṛ ad yeḍru seg furar ɣer ctamber 1883, ass n 30 ctamber ur d-yeqqim wacemma : asfeḍ n lqaṣer d aseḥseb asertan am akken i d ayen icudden ɣer tɣellist. Deg taggara n webrid n urti, asayrar-a ibeddel isem semmus n tikkal ma drus gar 1792 d 1830, seg place Louis XV ɣer place de la Révolution ass n 11 ɣuct 1792, syen ɣer place de la Concorde ass n 25 tuber 1795, syen daɣen Louis XV, syen Louis XVI, armi d Concorde s tidet deg 1830. 1119 n yemdanen i yettwagezmen iqeṛṛa-nsen s guillotine dinna gar 1793 d 1795, seg 2498 n tenɣiwin n leḥkem i yeḍran deg Paris deg tegrawla. Ma d obélisque n Louxor bedden-t dinna deg tuber 1836 zdat n lɣaci d izumal, imi kan ur d-yessemektay tagelda ur d-yessemektay tagrawla.

Champs-Élysées d yidisan n Arc de Triomphe

Nettali abrid ameqqran armi d taqwest, i d-yumeṛ Napoléon deg 1806 i yeldin deg yulyu 1836, uqbel ad d-yesserwet Haussmann 12 n yiberdan imeqqranen i d-yezzin fell-as. Ddaw n tqwest yeṭṭes Aserdas ur nettwassen ara, i yettwamḍlen ass n 28 yennayer 1921 zdat n Joffre, Foch d Pétain, ddaw n tblaṭ n granit n Vire ; asafu n usmekti yettwacɛel ass n 11 wamber 1923 yerna, s usumer n sin n yineɣmasen, seg wass-nni yettwacɛal-d yal tameddit. Abeddi ad yili beɛd i udewwar n webrid, ɣef ubrid n rrif neɣ ɣef ubrid n yiḍaren iwesɛen : tigzirt n tlemmast ur nettaweḍ ɣer-s ala seg webrid n ddaw tmurt n wid iteddun ɣef uḍar, i yegdel i yivila. Tanezzayt n 11 wamber d wass n 14 yulyu ṭṭfent-iten tmeɣriwin d uɛeddi n lɛeskeṛ.

Asarag n Invalides

S tnaḍt n ugellid n 24 mayyu 1670, Louis XIV yessers hôtel royal des Invalides i yiserdasen iɛewwqen neɣ i yewesren deg leqdic, i yettidiren armi d imir-nni d imettaren deg yizenqan : d tigawt tanmettit tameqqrant, d aseḥseb asertan daɣen deg yiwen wakud, imi s wakka i d-yeqqen lɛeskeṛ-is ɣur-s. Libéral Bruant i d-yesuneɣ lebni s ukkuẓ n yidisan-is, ixeddimen bdan deg 1671 ; Jules Hardouin-Mansart d Robert de Cotte i yekemmlen kullec. Ddaw n tqubbet, i wumi tesra lxedma n usureɣ n 1989 azal n 12 n kilu n wureɣ i yettusersen deg ugar n 500 000 n yiferrawen, Napoléon yeṭṭes seg 1861 deg sḍis n yisenduqen i yekcem wa deg wayeḍ, deg lqaɛ n uẓekka yeldin. Anekcum ɣer tqubbet s lexlaṣ yerna d musée de l'Armée i t-yesseferken : ur yeddi ara deg tikli, abrid iɛeddi zdat n lebni yerna taqsiṭ ad d-tettwaḥku seg usarag, seg beṛṛa.

Deg tilawt

Akud: Azal n 3 isragen, ibeddiyen d yisikal ddan
Aswir: D afessas ɣef lǧetta, akal amsawi qrib deg webrid meṛṛa. Abrid ummid yeqqerb ɣer 18 ikilumitren, isikal seg wemkan anda tzedɣem ɣer-s daɣen ddan, tazgert tuṣliṭ n talɣa i yettwafernen ad awen-tt-nsentem s tira. Ilaq ad tessnem ad tnehṛem avilu yerna ad tḥessem deg yiman-nwen deg webrid gar tkeṛṛusin n Paris : abrid iteddu deg yizenqan, ɣef yirrifen n wasif d yisayraren yeldin i uḥerrek, gar-asen kra n yimlilan imeqqranen n yiberdan i yezzin am yitri. Deg tuffɣa, ad tennumem d uvilu yerna ad d-yili usegzi n tɣellist.
Tuffɣa: Amkan anda tzedɣem deg Paris, asensu neɣ tanezduɣt ; tuffɣa d tuɣalin deg yiwen n wemḍiq, imi izirig nettaweḍ ɣur-s seg din ; asrag d wemḍiq n temlilit s tuṣliṭ ad awen-ten-nsentem s tira uqbel yal lexlaṣ
Agraw: 5 yemttekkiyen d tilas i yal amwanes ; ma llan ugar n 5, nezmer ad nheggi agraw wis sin deg tegnit-nni, akken ara nili nezmer ; ma yezmer ad yili akked ssuma-s ad awen-ten-nsentem s tira
Tutlayin: Tafransist neɣ taglizit, ilaq ad tt-id-tinim deg usuter-nwen

Aṭṭaf n umkan d asuter, mačči d aṭṭaf n umkan yeṭṭfen : nsentem s tira ma yezmer ad yili, azemz, amḍiq n temlilit d ssuma taneggarut uqbel yal lexlaṣ. Ssumat timatutin i yal amdan, tibzarin akk ddant, teddi daɣen tseqdact n uvilu s tallalt n trisiti d ukask. Ula d yiwen n unekcum s lexlaṣ, ula d yiwet n terza ɣer daxel ur ddin : tiqsiḍin ttwaḥkunt seg webrid, seg usayrar n zdat neɣ seg teqenṭert.

Isteqsiyen i d-yettuɣalen ɣef tikli-a

Ma nkeccem ɣer yimḍiqen imeqqranen ?

Ala. Abrid iɛeddi zdat n yibniyen yerna tiqsiḍin ttwaḥkunt seg webrid, seg yirrifen n wasif, seg usarag d yisayraren n zdat. Ula d yiwen n unekcum s lexlaṣ, ula d yiwet n terza ɣer daxel, ula d ayen ara teččem neɣ ara teswem ɣur wis kraḍ ur ddin deg ssuma : ur yeddi Conciergerie d lḥebs-is n ddaw tmurt, ur teddi taqubbet n Invalides anda yeṭṭes Napoléon, i wumi anekcum yesseferk musée de l'Armée. Amwanes ad awen-d-yini amek ara tuɣalem ɣer-s mbeɛd, deg wakud-nwen ilelli, s yidrimen-nwen.

Acḥal n wakud i teṭṭef tikli ?

Tikli tettabaɛ izirig n udabu yerna tbedd deg tmanya n yimḍaq i d-yettwazerken, tettaǧǧa kra n wakud n tsusmi zdat n yal amḍiq ameqqran. Talɣa n kraḍ isragen ternu Palais-Royal yerna tesnerni yal taqsiṭ. Init-d ayen tesmenyafem deg usuter-nwen : akud i yettwafernen d wumuɣ n yibeddiyen ad awen-ten-nsentem s tira uqbel yal lexlaṣ, umuɣ-a yezmer ad yettwabeddel ass-nni s timmad-is ɣef ssebba n yixeddimen, n tuffɣat ɣer webrid, n tmeɣriwin neɣ n ttedbirat n tɣellist.

Anwa aswir n uvilu i ilaqen, yerna ilemẓi yezmer ad yeḍfer ?

Ilaq ad tessnem ad tnehṛem avilu yerna ad tḥessem deg yiman-nwen deg webrid gar tkeṛṛusin n Paris : abrid iteddu deg yizenqan, ɣef yirrifen n wasif d yisayraren yeldin i uḥerrek, gar-asen kra n yimlilan imeqqranen n yiberdan i yezzin am yitri. Abrid ummid yeqqerb ɣer 18 ikilumitren war asawen, isikal ddan, ma d tallalt n trisiti tettawi leɛtab. Ilemẓi yezmer ad yettekki ma yella yiwen umeqqran yellan yid-s deg tikli i yeṭṭfen fell-as, yerna ma yesɛa leɛmeṛ d teɣzi n lǧetta i d-yettwasran i unehher n uvilu, i wen-d-nettini yerna i d-nsentem uqbel yal lexlaṣ.

Llan yizemzen ara nexḍu ?

Ih. Deg 14 yulyu, aɛeddi n lɛeskeṛ isekkeṛ amur amalu n yizirig, ma d tanezzayt n 11 wamber teṭṭef-itt tmeɣra ddaw n Arc de Triomphe. Yezmer ad d-yili usekkeṛ nniḍen n yiberdan war alɣu, ɣef ssebba n tuffɣa ɣer webrid, n temlilit tameqqrant, n tmeɣra neɣ n ttedbir n tɣellist. Deg tegnit-a, ad awen-d-nessumer abrid nniḍen i yemṣadan neɣ azemz amaynut, akken i d-nenna deg tewtilin timatutin n uzenzi. Azemz i yettwafernen ad awen-t-nsentem s tira uqbel yal lexlaṣ.

Acḥal tswa tikli, yerna amek i iteddu uṭṭaf n umkan ?

Ssuma tamatut d 75 iuru i yal amdan, tibzarin akk ddant, deg tikli yebḍan, d 95 iuru i yal amdan, tibzarin akk ddant, deg tikli tuslig, avilu n trisiti d ukask ddan ; ula d yiwen n unekcum ɣer umḍiq ameqqran, ula d ayen ara teččem neɣ ara teswem ur ddin. Tazenem-aɣ-d asuter s wazemz, s talɣa d wemḍan n yemttekkiyen. Asuter-a mačči d aṭṭaf n umkan yeṭṭfen yerna ulac ayen ara txelṣem deg tegnit-a : ad awen-nsentem s tira asrag, akud, amḍiq n temlilit d ssuma taneggarut, ma d asentem-a s tira ad d-yas uqbel yal lexlaṣ. Tiwtilin timatutin n uzenzi, tiwtilin n usefsex akked tsureft ɣef uzref n tuɣalin ɣer deffir n umagrad L. 221-28, 12° n Code de la consommation, nezmer ad ten-id-naf seg tewriqt n usuter.

Tikliwin nniḍen

Semmus n tegrawliwin deg 80 n yiseggasen, seg Bastille ɣer mur des Fédérés 1789, 1792, 1830, 1848, 1871 : ugar cwiṭ n 80 n yiseggasen n leḥyuḍ n yizenqan, n ccṛeɛ d rrṣaṣ, gar usayrar n Bastille d mur des Fédérés n Père-Lachaise. Azal n kraḍ isragen d uzgen n uvilu s tallalt n trisiti deg ugraw amecṭuḥ, gar-asen azal n 30 n tesdatin ɣef uḍar deg yiberdan n tmeqbert, akked umwanes i d-yeḥkun ayen ur d-qqaren ara yiblaḍen n webrid. Arrif azelmaḍ n yimyura, seg île Saint-Louis ɣer Saint-Germain-des-Prés Sebɛa n yibeddiyen gar île Saint-Louis d yizenqan n Saint-Germain-des-Prés, anda i nqecen, i uran, i swan aṭas n lqahwa yerna i d-rran ddunit d tajdidt s ṣṣut ɛlayen. Azal n kraḍ isragen n uvilu s tallalt n trisiti deg ugraw amecṭuḥ, s westeɛfu deg tlemmast n webrid, anda ayen ara teswem neɣ ara teččem d kunwi ara t-ixellṣen. Paris n yinaẓuren : Montmartre d Pigalle ɣef uvilu n trisiti, deg ugraw amecṭuḥ Ukkuẓ n yisragen i wakken ad d-nali tawrirt n yixxamen n uxeddim d yixxamen n ccna, seg yiberdan imeqqranen n Clichy d Rochechouart ɣer tbḥirin n tẓurin n Clos Montmartre, akked umwanes i yessnen tiqsiḍin i yeffren deffir n leḥyuḍ. Tallalt n trisiti ad tawi isawnen, ma d amur yesɛan asawen ugar nettedu deg-s ɣef uḍar, ivila ad ten-neǧǧ d akessar.