Covered passages are a Parisian invention born at the very end of the eighteenth century and developed under the Restoration: glazed, heated, lit galleries where you could stroll away from the mud and the carriages. Paris had around a hundred and fifty of them by 1850; about twenty are left. They are the direct ancestors of the shopping mall. The Galerie Vivienne, the most elegant of them all, was built in 1823 to the plans of the architect François-Jacques Delannoy for a notary, Louis-Auguste Marchoux, who was speculating on the Bourse district: it first carried his name and was only inaugurated as the Vivienne in 1826. It has kept its mosaic floor and its glass roof. Colette, often associated with the district, lived a few streets away at 9 rue de Beaujolais, in the gardens of the Palais-Royal, until her death in 1954. You walk into the arcade on foot; the bikes stay out on the rue Vivienne.
The Passage des Panoramas, cut through in 1799, is one of the oldest still in business, the Passage du Caire having preceded it by a year. It is where the capital's first public gas lighting was installed in 1817: Parisians came out of sheer curiosity to see light without a candle. A few turns of the pedals away, the Canal Saint-Martin tells another story. Decided by Napoleon in 1802 to bring drinking water to Paris and opened in 1825, it became an industrial waterway carrying goods up towards the Halles and the La Villette slaughterhouses. Haussmann had it vaulted over from 1860 to lay a boulevard on top, the one now named after Richard-Lenoir, and the vault was extended under the boulevard Jules-Ferry in 1906. The locks still work. One detail often comes as a surprise: Arletty's line about atmosphere, in Marcel Carné's Hôtel du Nord, in 1938, was not filmed here. The film was shot at the Billancourt studios, on a set where Alexandre Trauner had rebuilt the hotel, the footbridge and a stretch of the canal.
The Belleville hill tops out at 128.5 metres at 40 rue du Télégraphe, in front of the Belleville cemetery: this is the highest point of public land in Paris, and Claude Chappe set up his first telegraph there in 1793. The parc de Belleville itself rises to 108 metres, which makes it the highest garden in Paris, and opens a wide, clear view over the city. The hill was still a village of winegrowers before it was absorbed into Paris in 1860, and the city replanted a vineyard beside the park in 1992. A plaque at 72 rue de Belleville claims Édith Piaf was born on the pavement outside, in December 1915: her birth certificate gives 4 rue de la Chine, the address of the Tenon hospital, but she kept the legend alive all her life, and Paris prefers its legends. Then comes Père-Lachaise, where your guide picks four to six graves with you, according to your curiosity.
The tour starts in the 7th arrondissement on a Tern pedal-assist bike set to your height, helmet included, and comes back to the same point, where the bikes are handed back. Count fifteen to twenty kilometres of riding, the way out and back included, two hills the assist takes care of for you, and several stretches on foot. You need to be able to ride a bicycle and to be comfortable in Paris traffic: the route uses streets open to traffic. Five participants at most per accompanying guide; beyond five, we may be able to run a second simultaneous group, subject to our availability, at the same rate, and we confirm that to you in writing. The shoulder seasons, October to November and March to April, suit this route particularly well. The exact route is adjusted on the day to suit the weather, the crowds and the traffic.